http://www.sciencedaily.com/releases/2013/06/130612132656.htm
A father's life stress exposure leaves a mark on a sperms epigenetics, which can affect offsprings brain development!
While environmental challenges, like diet, drug abuse, and chronic
stress, felt by mothers during pregnancy have been shown to affect
offspring neurodevelopment and increase the risk for certain diseases,
dad's influence on his children are less well understood.
...stress on preadolescent and adult male mice induced an epigenetic mark
in their sperm that reprogrammed their offspring's
hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) axis, a region of the brain that
governs responses to stress. Surprisingly, both male and female
offspring had abnormally low reactivity to stress...Researchers found that offspring from paternal stress groups displayed
significantly blunted levels of the stress hormone corticosterone -- in
humans, it's cortisol -- in response to stress...This stress pathway dysregulation -- when reactivity is either
heightened or reduced -- is a sign that an organism doesn't have the
ability to respond appropriately to a changing environment. And as a
result, their stress response becomes irregular, which can lead to
stress-related disorders.
believed mechanism by which this happens = increased expression of glucocorticoid-responsive genes in the PVN, a
change that supports a possible mechanism whereby increased negative
feedback sensitivity may be explained.
Also = microRNAs (miRs) in the sperm that uniquely contribute to
post-fertilization gene expression to examine the epigenetic mechanisms
of transmission to the next generation. - In both groups of stressed dads, there was a significant increase in
expression of nine miRs. These miRs may be targeting the stored maternal
messenger RNAs in the egg at fertilization, so that dad's sperm can
regulate some aspect of early development to inform his offspring about
the environment, according to the authors.
They also point out that a reduced physiological stress response may
reflect some adaptive evolutionary benefit passed on to offspring to
ensure survival in what is expected to be a more stressful environment.
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